No ID verification withdrawal casino australia: what the marketing claim is actually worth
A withdrawal that “needs no ID verification” sounds, on the face of it, like a feature worth picking a casino for. The pitch writes itself: fewer documents, less waiting, fewer chances for the operator to find a reason to stall a payout. Search for it in Australia and the headlines deliver exactly that promise — “instant withdrawal”, “no KYC”, “verify after you cash out” — and almost every site behind those headlines sits outside the Australian licensing system altogether. The page below is not a guide to the best of those offshore brands. It is the missing half of the picture that the marketing never quite carries: what the phrase means, what sits behind it, what it actually costs a person who takes it at face value, and what the law already does about it.

The data is current as of 29 October 2026 and was checked against the Australian Communications and Media Authority’s published register of formal warnings and blocking requests.
- The legal landscape behind the claim
- What the ACMA is doing about it
- The blocking rate, six and a half years on
- The deposit controls the law already runs
- Why “no verification” shows up where crypto shows up
- The responsible-gambling frame the offshore site never carries
- How the offshore brand’s marketing cuts the protection
- The featured brands the ACMA itself has named
- The 2026 reform package and where it lands
- What a player actually loses by going offshore
- Picking a path on the operator question
- A note on the cards in your wallet
- What the Australian operator market is not
- Where the support services sit
- What the page did not do
- Closing the loop
- Frequently asked questions
The legal landscape behind the claim
Online casino play sits in a different legal category from sports and racing betting in Australia. The Interactive Gambling Act 2001, hardened by the Interactive Gambling Amendment Act 2017, makes it an offence to supply online casino games, online pokies and in-play wagering to a person physically in Australia. No state or territory issues a licence for those products. What is licensable, in practice, is wagering on a race or sporting event placed before the event, lotteries and keno — and even then, almost every online bookmaker an Australian punter has heard of (Sportsbet, Bet365, Ladbrokes among them) is licensed through the Northern Territory Racing and Wagering Commission, a body that meets once a month in Darwin and runs with no full-time staff.

That is the whole legal frame behind any “no ID verification withdrawal” pitch aimed at an Australian: the operator offering it cannot, by definition, hold an Australian interactive gambling licence. The ID question is downstream of that. So is the verification question, the complaint question, the recourse question, and the question of whether a balance is still sitting on a site the ACMA has just asked ISPs to block. None of those are answered by the marketing page.
What the ACMA is doing about it
The Australian Communications and Media Authority takes the supply side, not the player. It investigates offshore operators, issues formal warnings naming the company behind the brand, and asks Australian internet service providers to block access to the offending site. As of June 2026, the authority had directed the blocking of 1,751 illegal gambling and affiliate marketing websites since the first blocking request went out in November 2019 — a six-and-a-half-year arc that begins with a single referral and now adds a fresh round of twelve names (7Signs, ChromaBet, Donbet, Duospin, Freshbet, Slots Gem, Jacks Club, Lucky Start, Pointsbetz, Spinrise, Vinyl Casino and Wildsino) on the round reported on 26 June 2026 alone. More than 230 unlicensed gambling services have left the Australian market since enforcement was stepped up in 2017, and the population of sites the regulator knows about is larger than any one round captures.

The pattern is striking. Offshore operators in Australia cycle through new brand shells faster than the regulator can name them, and many of the names on the ACMA’s list turn out to belong to a handful of holding companies. Dama N.V., for instance, attracted a formal warning in May 2022 covering six casino brands at once — Bambet, Dazard, Level Up, Rocketplay, Wild Tornado and Cobra Casinos — and turned up again in March 2025 over Woo Casino and in May 2025 over Spirit Casino. A reader who only sees the brand names could be forgiven for thinking they are looking at twenty different operators. They are looking at three or four.
H2 Gambling Capital’s 2025 estimate puts the damage at roughly A$3.9 billion a year flowing out to illegal gambling sites, and shows the share of gambling going through legal Australian channels slipping from 74 per cent in 2021 to 64 per cent by the time the report was compiled. The trend line is the headline. Whatever the “no verification” claim is doing for the punter, it is not doing anything for the legal market.
The blocking rate, six and a half years on
The arithmetic that belongs to this page is what those numbers imply as a long-run rate. Between November 2019 and June 2026 is roughly 80 months of ACMA enforcement. The 1,751 sites blocked over that span comes out to about 22 blocked domains a month on average — but averages here hide as much as they show, because early rounds were smaller and more recent rounds have grown as the ACMA’s referral pipeline widened. A fair reading is that the regulator now blocks at a sustained annual pace in the low hundreds, against a market in which several thousand illegal brands cycle in and out of reach. The takeaway is not that blocking fails; the regulator has, after all, watched more than 230 unlicensed services leave Australia altogether. The takeaway is that blocking has to be paired with the legal deposit controls in the section below to do anything about the loss figure.
State the result as a band, not as a single number: somewhere between twenty and thirty illegal or affiliate sites blocked per month, against a turnover of brands that runs into the thousands over the enforcement period. The condition on the band is the population assumption — count only sites formally referred to ISPs by the ACMA, exclude voluntary withdrawals, and assume no large retreat by either side during the window.
The deposit controls the law already runs
Cutting the flow of money into offshore operators was, until 2024, the unglamorous work of the banks’ own gambling blocks and the card networks’ merchant category codes. Since 11 June 2024 it has been statutory. Australian-licensed online wagering services are now barred from accepting credit cards and other credit-related products; the rule was tightened to extend to digital currencies. Penalties for licensed operators that breach the rule reach $247,500. For an Australian punter, the practical effect is that a licensed bookmaker cannot lawfully accept credit, and an unlicensed offshore casino asking for one is operating outside the rules it accuses licensed operators of dodging.
What this page can do with that is show the reader the rails a licensed bookmaker will offer, because the same rails are the ones a no-verification operator will sometimes describe as a feature.
| Payment Method | Licensed Status | Offshore Casino Status |
|---|---|---|
| Debit card | Allowed | Often available |
| Bank transfer | Allowed | Often available |
| PayID/Osko | Allowed | Often available |
| BPAY | Allowed | Not typically available |
| Credit/Crypto | Banned | Commonly pushed |
Debit card. Bank transfer. PayID and Osko, which move money between participating Australian banks in under a minute around the clock, even on a weekend, and which address payments either to a BSB-and-account number or to a PayID. BPAY, a bill-payment rail that has run in Australian online banking since 18 November 1997, owned equally by ANZ, Commonwealth Bank, National Australia Bank and Westpac through Cardlink Services Limited and now part of Australian Payments Plus. Over 100 Australian financial institutions offer PayID-based instant transfers, more than 25 million PayID identifiers had been registered on the New Payments Platform as of April 2025, and the platform itself became publicly available on 13 February 2018.
The number that matters for a punter who is choosing not to use those rails is that paying to a PayID shows the registered account-name before the transfer is sent. Australian Payments Plus warns that being asked to transfer money to a PayID on an illegal gambling site almost certainly means a scam site. That is the inverse of the marketing pitch: the rails licensed Australian wagering runs on are the rails that surface a fraud, not the rails that hide one.
Why “no verification” shows up where crypto shows up
The overlap between “no ID cashout” marketing and “crypto casino” marketing is not a coincidence of aesthetics. It is structural. A blockchain-based payout moves through a public ledger that anyone can read, but the addresses on that ledger are pseudonymous, not anonymous, and the casino accepting the deposit or sending the withdrawal is still the entity that knows which fiat balance it owes which customer. The hash on the chain is not the customer identity the operator has on file. What crypto does is move the verification question — and, often, the disclosure question — from a regulated payment rail to a private one.
That has two consequences worth separating. The first is that a withdrawal genuinely does arrive faster, because nothing has to clear an Australian bank’s gambling-block filter or an interchange scheme’s merchant category filter on the way in. Apple Pay, Google Pay and Samsung Pay together accounted for around 45 per cent of all card payments in Australia by number at the end of 2025; under the post-2024 credit-ban rules, those wallets are constrained when used against licensed wagering, which makes the offshore crypto alternative more attractive as much by default as by design. The second is that the speed comes at the cost of every protection the Australian rails offer. The same Westpac gambling block that refuses to authorise a transaction flagged under the merchant category code “Betting/Casino Gambling” on a personal credit or debit card has no view on a self-custody crypto wallet. The same ANZ gambling block that, once turned on, also blocks gambling transactions made through Apple Pay on an eligible card and locks itself in place behind a 48-hour waiting period when the customer tries to remove it, has no view on a USDT transfer to an address in Curaçao. The gambling block does what it was built to do; crypto simply routes around it.
This is where the page earns a sharp line. The marketing words “instant” and “anonymous” sit beside each other on purpose. “Instant” describes the chain. “Anonymous” describes the gap between the chain and the operator’s balance sheet, and that gap is exactly where the player identity verification would normally sit. A casino that skips identity verification has not eliminated the verification step. It has chosen to skip it. The reason it has chosen is the same reason it accepts credit and crypto: every layer of identity a regulated rail imposes is a layer of identity an offshore operator does not want on file.
The responsible-gambling frame the offshore site never carries
The self-exclusion register that does work in Australia is BetStop, the National Self-Exclusion Register, which has been live since August 2023. It binds Australian-licensed online and phone wagering services — a self-excluded punter cannot place a bet with a bookmaker the system covers. What it does not bind is an offshore casino, because no offshore casino is connected to it. Self-excluding from BetStop and then opening an account with a brand on the ACMA’s warning list does nothing the punter wanted to do; the offshore site has no access to the registry, no duty to check it, and no obligation to honour a self-exclusion it has not been told about.
That is also true of the National Gambling Helpline on 1800 858 858 — free, available 24/7, with web chat on Gambling Help Online. The helpline is the page’s first port of call for a reader who has started to suspect the bet-sizing is creeping up, and it is the right number for a reader who has already opened an offshore account and wants to talk about what happens to a balance on a site the regulator has just blocked. The helpline carries no Australian-licence assumption the way the offshore site carries no Australian-law assumption: it is set up for any Australian who needs it, and it answers in the language the reader reads.
The pattern that is worth saying plainly: every responsible-gambling control an Australian punter has heard of — the bank’s gambling block, BetStop, the helpline, the debit-only deposit rule — was built for the licensed market. The unlicensed market absorbs none of those controls. A punter who wants both the bonus pitch and the protection is asking for two things the system does not offer together.
How the offshore brand’s marketing cuts the protection
The mechanism is worth describing without sympathy. A “no verification” claim has three sub-claims, and each one peels a protection off the player side.
The first is the verification itself. A licensed bookmaker cannot let a punter deposit and withdraw without knowing who they are, because the credit-ban enforcement and the anti-money-laundering regime depend on the identity existing. An offshore operator skips that step. It still owes the punter a balance, but it has no Australian identity on file to match a complaint to, no obligation to log a withdrawal with AUSTRAC (whose A$10,000 threshold-transaction-report rule applies only to physical cash and does not reach ordinary electronic transfers anyway), and no incentive to refuse a withdrawal the player has already been paid out on in a way that round-trips through other accounts. AUSTRAC does still set the floor for the operator’s own reporting, but the operator is offshore and the floor is its own.
The second is the recourse question. A licensed bookmaker that refuses a withdrawal has to answer to an Australian complaints body, an Australian ombudsman scheme, and the corporate book of the regulator that issued the licence. An offshore operator refuses a withdrawal and the punter has, in practice, the operator’s own support inbox, the operator’s own terms and conditions, and the operator’s own arbitration clause — which is to say, the same party three times. A punter who has been paid out once and is told the next payout is “under review” has no outside shop to take it to.
The third is the blocking question. A licensed bookmaker does not get blocked by the ACMA. An offshore one does, and the read on this is that the punter who had a balance on the site the morning of the block has, that evening, no Australian route to that balance at all. The site does not unblock for a player with funds held; the payment rails the punter might use to reach the operator do not include the licensed Australian options; and the operator, which is no longer reachable from Australia, has no incentive to fast-track a withdrawal it has just lost the ability to argue about.
The featured brands the ACMA itself has named
What follows is not a ranking and not a shortlist of casinos to play at. It is a list of the brands the ACMA has, by name and date, already acted against under the Interactive Gambling Act 2001 — operators that hold whatever foreign licence they hold, but no Australian licence, because none is available for what they sell. The licence they display on the footer of their site is real in the sense that the regulator that issued it exists; it is irrelevant in the sense that it does not authorise them to take a bet from a person in Australia.
| Brand | ACMA action and date | Operator named by the ACMA | Subject support |
|---|---|---|---|
| RocketPlay | Formal warning, March 2026 (earlier to Dama N.V., May 2022) | Pulsup Ltd (RocketPlay); earlier Dama N.V. | listings-only (Gambling Insider) |
| Level Up Casino | Formal warning, May 2022 | Dama N.V. | listings-only (Westpac) |
| Woo Casino | Formal warning, March 2025 | Dama N.V. | — |
| Spirit Casino | Formal warning, May 2025 | Dama N.V. | — |
| National Casino | Formal warning, July 2025 | Consolutetish S.R.L. | listings-only (acma.gov.au, austrac.gov.au, betstop.gov.au) |
| Bizzo Casino | Formal warning, July 2025 (earlier to TechSolutions, 2022) | Consolutetish S.R.L.; earlier TechSolutions (CY) Group Limited and TechSolutions Group N.V. | listings-only (Gambling Insider) |
| Ignition Casino | Formal warning, July 2025 | Bamboo Media | — |
| Instant Casino | Formal warning, February 2025 | EOD Code SRL | listings-only (EcoPayz, PayID) |
| Jackbit | Formal warning, April 2026 | Ryker B.V. | — |
| Casino Intense | Formal warning, April 2025 | Sterplay Holding Ltd | listings-only (austrac.gov.au, betstop.gov.au, Gambling Insider) |
| Sky Crown | Formal warning, September 2022 | Hollycorn N.V. | — |
Three things are worth pointing out alongside the table. First, the brand names run to twice the number of operators the regulator has named, because most of the offshore groups rotate shells. Dama N.V. alone accounts for five of the eleven brands. Second, the dates stretch across more than three years of enforcement (September 2022 to March 2026), which is a useful reminder that a brand being absent from the table today does not mean the ACMA has cleared it. Third, the listings the brand appears on outside the regulator’s own register tell a reader about search-engine visibility, not about Australian legality. A page indexed by Gambling Insider or ranked on the PayID directory is a page that exists; whether the page is offering a product that can be lawfully supplied in Australia is a separate question, and one the listings never answer.
The 2026 reform package and where it lands
The Interactive Gambling Amendment (Gambling Reform) Bill 2026 passed Parliament on 19 August 2026. Its advertising and inducement measures are scheduled to commence on 1 January 2027 — law with a start date, not law in force on a page read in 2026. The headline change for an Australian punter is that the package tightens the rules around inducements to open accounts and to keep playing, which is the language the offshore marketing pages have spent the last five years perfecting. The reform does not legalise online casino play; the prohibition stays. What it does is reduce the surface area an inducement can occupy, both for the licensed market and for the offshore one that advertises into Australia.
The practical effect on the “no verification withdrawal” pitch is narrow. The pitch was never legal in the first place, so the new advertising rules do not make it newly illegal. What they do is shrink the channel through which the pitch reaches an Australian reader: fewer paid placements, fewer affiliate pages, fewer comparison sites structured to rank an offshore brand above a licensed one. For a reader who has been Googling the phrase in the first place, the change is mostly that the answers will start to look more like the answers above and less like the affiliate reviews that currently dominate page one.
What a player actually loses by going offshore
It is worth running through what an offshore brand removes from the punters’ protection list, because the list is not short.
Identity verification at deposit and withdrawal. The marketing pitch and the protection this skips are the same thing. A regulated operator must know who its customer is; an unregulated one chooses not to.
Australian dispute resolution. An ombudsman scheme or a state-based complaints body cannot hear a complaint about an operator that does not fall under the Australian consumer-protection regime that funds it. The offshore operator’s own terms are the venue.
BetStop coverage. Self-excluding from the National Self-Exclusion Register has no effect on an account held with an offshore brand, because no offshore brand checks the register.
Bank gambling-block coverage. Westpac blocks at the card level by refusing authorisation of merchant-category-coded gambling transactions; ANZ blocks at the card level too and follows the block into Apple Pay transactions on the same card. Neither bank can block a transfer that never touches a card it issued, which is exactly what a crypto or third-party wallet transfer does not do.
Credit-ban coverage. Since 11 June 2024, no Australian-licensed online wagering service may accept credit. An offshore brand that accepts credit is breaking a rule that the licensed operator must follow, and the offshore brand is the only party on the page with any choice in the matter.
Tax treatment. Recreational winnings are not assessable income and losses are not deductible, regardless of where the bet is placed. The Australian Taxation Office treats the offshore win the same way as the licensed one — the protection and the constraint are symmetrical, which is the rare case in this list where the offshore route is not at a disadvantage.
The way to read this list is that the offshore site does not so much offer a faster withdrawal as remove everything else around the withdrawal. The withdrawal itself arrives faster, when it arrives. The dispute that follows a refused one has no Australian door to knock on.
Picking a path on the operator question
This page does not recommend an offshore brand. It would be a strange thing to recommend — the ACMA has, by name, warned every brand the rest of the affiliate-review industry ranks. What it can do is be honest about which Australian-facing option exists for a punter who wants to place a bet online.
The licensed route is the licensed route: an Australian-licensed online bookmaker, debit-card or bank-transfer deposits, no credit, the bank’s gambling block available if wanted, BetStop available if needed, complaints to an Australian ombudsman if a withdrawal stalls. The product is sports and racing wagering, lotteries and keno. Online casino play is not on this menu, because it is not on the legal menu.
The offshore route is the offshore route: an offshore casino, no Australian licence, no Australian complaints body, no Australian recourse if the withdrawal stalls, no connection to BetStop, no consumer protection on a balance the morning the ACMA asks ISPs to block the site. The product on the menu is everything the licensed route does not sell.
A punter who wants online casino play has, at the moment, only the second route available to them. That is not an argument for taking it; it is a statement of why the pitch exists at all. The pitch exists because the product is banned, and the pitch is the gap the ban leaves. The right reading of the marketing is the one that names the gap, not the one that fills it.
A note on the cards in your wallet
Two cards that come up often in this market are worth a paragraph each, because the deposit-rail argument above leans on them.
American Express has been a card issuer since 1 October 1958, when it launched its first charge card; it operates as a three-party scheme, issuing cards and processing transactions itself rather than running a four-party network like Visa or Mastercard. The Reserve Bank of Australia’s July 2025 review of merchant card payment costs proposes removing surcharges only on eftpos, Mastercard and Visa transactions, explicitly leaving American Express outside the scope of the proposed surcharge ban. The reason this matters on a page about an offshore casino is that an Amex charge, if accepted, is settled on its own rail and through its own merchant terms — and the credit-ban rule above makes no exception for the rail. A punter using an Amex charge card to deposit at an offshore casino is using credit where the Australian rule bans credit, on a rail the Australian regulator specifically left outside the surcharge-relief proposal because the rail’s economics are different.
Apple Pay is not a card and not a bank; it is a wallet that holds a card. Apple does not charge consumers fees for using Apple Pay in stores, online or in apps — any surcharge is the merchant’s own card-processing fee. The transaction limits and PIN requirements are set by the card issuer or by the merchant, not by Apple. Where Apple Pay becomes a gambling matter is when the card in the wallet is the one the bank has blocked: ANZ’s gambling block, once turned on in the ANZ app, blocks gambling transactions made through a digital wallet like Apple Pay on an eligible card, not just on the physical card, and removing the block requires a 48-hour waiting period. A punter who has set the bank block, opened an offshore casino and tried to deposit by tapping Apple Pay has already met the protection the bank offers and watched it work.
The Commonwealth Bank’s equivalent — the gambling lock available through the CommBank app — blocks most gambling transactions on eligible cards, with the same caveat the other banks carry: not every gambling-related purchase will be stopped and a small number of non-gambling purchases might be stopped in error. The bank-block route is not perfect, but it is the route an Australian punter actually has, and it is the route the offshore pitch is built to route around.
What the Australian operator market is not
The set of brands the ACMA has named covers more of the visible market than the set of brands an Australian punter has heard of. A reader landing on the page from a search for “no verification withdrawal” should not assume that an unlisted brand is therefore legitimate. The list is the brands the regulator has got round to. The market is larger. The compliance gap between the regulator’s pace and the offshore market’s churn is, in fact, the same gap the marketing pages are built to live inside: an operator that opens today, takes deposits for three months, gets warned, opens under a new name and takes deposits for another three months is not the kind of operator that ends up on a feature page, and not the kind the regulator’s table will have caught. The licensed Australian bookmaker list is, by contrast, a closed set: 52 online bookmakers licensed through the Northern Territory, named in the public register, with the operator behind each brand and the licence number beside the brand.
Where the support services sit
The Australian-facing reader who has read this far and is now uncertain whether to keep playing with any operator — offshore or licensed — has three numbers to remember.
BetStop, the National Self-Exclusion Register, for self-exclusion from Australian-licensed online and phone wagering. Effective against the licensed market only; ineffective against the offshore one.
National Gambling Helpline on 1800 858 858, free and 24/7, with web chat at Gambling Help Online. The right number for a reader who is starting to suspect that bet-sizing is creeping up or who has already opened an offshore account and wants to think through what happens next.
The bank’s own gambling block — through Westpac, ANZ, Commonwealth Bank and the other majors — for the deposit-side defence on cards and on the digital wallets attached to cards. The block is a setting in the banking app, and removing it is a deliberate act rather than a click.
These three services are not a substitute for the licensed market’s complaint machinery. They are the perimeter the licensed market runs, and they are the perimeter an offshore brand does not connect to.
What the page did not do
This is not a comparison of the eleven brands above. It is not a ranking of who pays out fastest, who has the lightest bonus terms, or who accepts the widest range of crypto. The inputs to that comparison are affiliate marketing pages that change their terms weekly and that no independent source audits, and the figures on them have no chain of custody back to the regulator that named the brand in the first place.
It is also not a guide to using a VPN to reach a brand that has been blocked by an Australian ISP. The ACMA’s blocking is enforced at the carrier level, the carrier obligation is on the carrier, and the punter who routes around the block is choosing to be a customer of an operator the regulator has judged unsafe to reach. The right place to take that question is the responsible-gambling section above, not a workaround.
Closing the loop
The “no verification withdrawal” pitch is built on a real mechanic: the offshore operator does not ask for ID, the crypto transfer does arrive faster than an Osko debit, and the marketing page is right about that. The marketing page is wrong about what it implies. The reason the operator does not ask for ID is the same reason the operator accepts credit and crypto: every identity a regulated rail imposes is an identity the operator does not want on file, because the operator is offering a product the regulator would not license it to offer if it were in Australia to be asked.
The faster withdrawal and the absent verification are the same feature, sold twice. The licensed Australian bookmaker is the slower route and the only one that connects to the rest of the system. The offshore casino is the faster route and the one that connects to nothing the punter can reach from inside Australia. The choice between them is the choice this page names.
Frequently asked questions
Why would a casino advertise a withdrawal with no ID verification at all?
Because the operator is offshore and the product on offer is not licensable in Australia. Skipping the ID step is what lets the operator avoid the regulated rails that would otherwise refuse the deposit, and the marketing pitch is the gap the prohibition leaves.
Does skipping identity checks on a withdrawal make an offshore pokies site any more legitimate?
No. The licence the site displays is real in the sense that the regulator that issued it exists; it does not authorise the site to take a bet from a person in Australia, because no licence does. The ID question is downstream of that, not a separate path around it.
How does a blockchain-based payout differ from a bank withdrawal in terms of who can trace it?
A blockchain payout moves through a public ledger that anyone can read, but the addresses are pseudonymous rather than tied to a verified identity. A bank withdrawal on Osko or PayID routes through a financial institution that has verified the account holder. The first is faster and more public; the second is slower and tied to an identity. Neither is anonymous; the difference is who knows what.
Is it legal for an Australian to withdraw funds from an offshore casino that skips verification?
The Interactive Gambling Act 2001 targets the operator, not the player. An Australian punter is not prosecuted for withdrawing. What they lose is the protection the licensed market would have given them: no Australian complaints body, no recourse on a refused withdrawal, and a balance that can be stranded the morning the ACMA asks ISPs to block the site.
What risk does a player take on by using a site that never verifies identity before paying out?
Three concrete ones. No Australian recourse if a payout stalls or is refused. No coverage from BetStop, because no offshore brand checks the register. And no bank-side block on the deposit, because the deposit does not run on a card the bank can see. Each one is a layer of protection the licensed market runs and the offshore route does not.
Why do “no verification withdrawal” claims so often appear alongside crypto casino advertising?
Because the two features sell each other. The crypto rail is what makes the “no verification” claim plausible: a payout that does not touch a card does not have to pass through the gambling-block filter a bank runs on cards, and the operator does not have to maintain an Australian identity file it has no use for. The marketing pair is the operator’s way of describing the same gap from two directions.
